Primary hyperparathyroidism

One or more parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone, which raises the blood calcium by releasing it from bone, keeping it from being lost in the urine and absorbing more from the gut. Commonest in women after the menopause, it is usually found on a routine blood test.

ICD-10 E21.0On the parathyroid3 stages

Installation

bunx shadcn@4.22.1 add @organui/primary-hyperparathyroidism

This adds primary-hyperparathyroidism.tsx, the disease's data and component, to your components directory. It is built on the disease viewer and reuses the models of the parathyroid, which install with it.

View registry item JSON

Usage

import { PrimaryHyperparathyroidism } from "@/components/primary-hyperparathyroidism"

export function PrimaryHyperparathyroidismDemo() {
  return <PrimaryHyperparathyroidism />
}

Every structure is a finding: affected structures are amber and spared ones muted. Select one, in 3D or in the panel, to read what the disease does there.

Course

Set stage or defaultStage to one of these. Each stage changes which structures are affected and the investigations to expect; the timeline under the model shows them in order, with the events along the way.

Found on a blood test "found" · Often by chance
Most people have no symptoms, or only tiredness, thirst, constipation or low mood. A high calcium with a parathyroid hormone that is high, or normal when it should be low, makes the diagnosis.
- Confirming it: Repeat calcium with PTH, vitamin D and kidney function. A urine calcium excludes familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia, an inherited condition that needs no surgery.
- Finding the gland: Ultrasound of the neck and a sestamibi scan locate the adenoma, so the surgeon can remove it through a small cut instead of exploring all four glands. They do not make the diagnosis.
Affects 1 structure of the parathyroid glands.
Cured "cured" · After surgery
Removing the adenoma cures about 95%. Calcium falls within a day and can dip below normal while the other glands wake up, causing tingling in the fingers and lips.
- Parathyroidectomy: Offered to those with symptoms, stones, osteoporosis, a fracture or a calcium of 2.85 mmol/L or more, and considered for others. Calcium is checked the next day.
Affects 1 structure of the parathyroid glands.
Or Complications "complications" · Untreated, years
Calcium taken from bone thins it, especially the forearm, and calcium in the urine forms kidney stones and can slowly reduce kidney function. Stones and bone thinning are each a reason to operate; so is a calcium of 2.85 mmol/L or more.
- Watching instead: For those who cannot or choose not to have surgery: yearly calcium and kidney function, bone density checks, plenty of fluid, and cinacalcet to lower the calcium if needed.
Affects 1 structure of the parathyroid glands.

Without Panel

Hide the panel to place the model in your own layout, and choose the scale and stage with props.

Controlled

Drive the stage, scale and selection from your own state, such as a patient's timeline.

API Reference

Import PrimaryHyperparathyroidismProps from the same file as PrimaryHyperparathyroidism.

PrimaryHyperparathyroidism props
Prop	Type	Default	Description
`scale`	`"parathyroid"`	—	Control the scale shown.
`defaultScale`	`"parathyroid"`	"parathyroid"	Choose the scale shown first.
`onScaleChange`	`(scale: string) => void`	—	Receive the scale a reader chooses.
`stage`	`"found" \| "cured" \| "complications"`	—	Control the stage shown.
`defaultStage`	`"found" \| "cured" \| "complications"`	"found"	Choose the stage shown first.
`onStageChange`	`(stage: string) => void`	—	Receive the stage a reader chooses.
`selectedId`	`string \| null`	null	Control the selected structure ID.
`onSelectionChange`	`(id: string \| null) => void`	—	Receive selections from the model and the panel.
`panel`	`boolean`	true	Show the scales, findings and investigations beside the model.
`timeline`	`boolean`	true	Show the course under the model, with its events and a play button. A disease with one stage has none.
`className`	`string`	—	Set the layout of the model and the panel.

Other props, such as visibility, controls, defaultView and ref, go to the organ viewer.

Models and licences

The component code is MIT. Each model keeps its own licence, and the viewer shows its credit; see Licences before hiding it.

Parathyroid glands: BodyParts3D / Anatomography, © The Database Center for Life Science. CC BY-SA 2.1 Japan. Adapted by OrganUI., CC BY-SA 2.1 JP.

Educational, not for diagnosis or clinical decisions. The findings summarise typical disease; individual patients differ.